@article{will_hydrogenated_2021,
	title = {Hydrogenated anatase {TiO} $_{textrm{2}}$ single crystals: defects formation and structural changes as microscopic origin of co-catalyst free photocatalytic {H} $_{textrm{2}}$ evolution activity},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},
	shorttitle = {Hydrogenated anatase {TiO} $_{textrm{2}}$ single crystals},
	url = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1TA04809K},
	doi = {10.1039/D1TA04809K},
	abstract = {A model identifying defects formation and structural as well as chemical changes as crucial parameters for a co-catalyst free photocatalytic H
              2
              evolution activity in epitaxial grown anatase single crystals is presented.
            
          , 
            
              Herein we systematically investigate the influence of hydrogenation time and temperature on defects formation, structural changes, and co-catalyst free photocatalytic activity for epitaxially grown anatase thin films on strontium titanate single crystals. The photocatalytic activity trend of the anatase epi layers is similar to that of anatase powders and brookite single crystals in reported recent literature, that is, the H
              2
              evolution rate exhibits a typical maximum upon hydrogenation under moderate annealing temperatures (500 °C). By combining surface sensitive X-ray diffraction methods and analytical high-resolution electron microscopy techniques we reveal quantitatively the oxygen loss from the epi-layer ascribed to the hydrogenation (H
              2
              reduction) treatment. We observe specific physicochemical changes associated with the introduction of oxygen vacancies: (i) the formation of a nanoscale strained crystal surface, (ii) the agglomeration of point defects in the bulk of the anatase epi layer, and (iii) a transition towards a Ti
              2
              O
              3
              like symmetry at the film surface,
              i.e.
              an evident oxygen deficiency at the epi layer surface in particular prominent for the most active sample as a function of the hydrogenation parameters. These extensive experimental findings allow us to propose an empirical model, which links detrimental and beneficial effects of Ti
              3+
              centers and oxygen vacancies in the bulk and at the surface and their abundance to an optimum point defect configuration for water splitting
              via
              “grey” anatase.},
	language = {en},
	number = {44},
	urldate = {2024-05-21},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	author = {Will, Johannes and Wierzbicka, Ewa and Wu, Mingjian and Götz, Klaus and Yokosawa, Tadahiro and Liu, Ning and Tesler, Alexander B. and Stiller, Markus and Unruh, Tobias and Altomare, Marco and Schmuki, Patrik and Spiecker, Erdmann},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {24932--24942},
	file = {Volltext:C:\Users\lovis\Zotero\storage\PUWVTKDT\Will et al. - 2021 - Hydrogenated anatase TiO 2 single cryst.pdf:application/pdf},
}